Effects of Freeze-dried Grape Powder on Immune Profiles in Healthy Aging Adults

Inclusion Criteria:

• 50-75 years old (at time of screening)

• Body mass index (BMI) 18.5 to < 30 kg/m2

• Willing to consume grape and control powder during study periods, and refrain fromeating grapes and certain other polyphenol-rich foods and beverages during the study

• Do not fit any exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

• <50 years old and >75 years old

• BMI <18.5 and ≥ 30 kg/m2 or body weight < 110 pounds

• Experienced >10% weight change in the past 4 weeks

• Elevated fasting glucose levels (fasting glucose higher than 126 mg/dL) andtriglycerides greater than 500 mg/dL

• Self-reported and/or physician-diagnosed history of diabetes mellitus, coronaryheart disease, stroke, renal or liver disease, cancer, eating disorders, certainsevere and/or relapsing/remitting autoimmune, inflammatory, or metabolic diseases,chronic infections, scleroderma, blood clotting disorders, intravenous drug use, orcurrent pregnancy or lactation

• Allergy to grapes or any ingredients in the grape or control powders

• Implanted medical device (e.g., pacemaker) or other health condition that wouldprevent measurement of body composition by bioelectrical impedance

• Currently taking lipid-lowering medications (e.g., statins, fibrates),glucose-regulating medications, anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids), or medications that primarilyaffect blood clotting (e.g., warfarin), long-term antibiotics in the last 3 months,active use of probiotics during the intervention

• Active smoker