Aquatic and Land Exercises for Chronic Low Back Pain

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 18 and 65

• Both Genders

• Literate in the English language to understand instructions/ to complete aself-report questionnaire.

• Having non-specific Chronic low back pain (≥12 weeks)

• Patient willingness to be a part of any randomly selected treatment groups.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant Females

• If they had low back pain as the result of diagnosis of severe osteoporosis, spinalbone disorders such as spondylosis and spondylolisthesis, fractures, lumbar spinestenosis, lower limb joint replacement surgery, hip orthosis, ankylosingspondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, infective or inflammatory disease, compression ofthe radial nerve, meningitis, arthrosis, lumbar region tumours, Leg lengthdiscrepancy, previous back surgery.

• Uncontrolled hypertension, Severe postural hypotension, any heart disease like Leftheart failure or exercise-induced angina. Medical illnesses without a medicalmanaging plan in place, e.g., uncontrolled epilepsy, diabetes mellitus. Neurologicdeficit, open wounds, current or recurrent radiation treatment.

• Patients with severe depression and psychosis

• People who are already participating in an individually-prescribed exerciseprogramme for LBP.

Aquatic exercises /Pool specific:

• Individuals with hydrophobia/ water-related anxiety, or inability to adapt to anaquatic environment.

• Allergy to chlorine, Severe limiting airway disease

• Faecal or urinary incontinence, diarrhoea, and vomiting.

• Weight more than the emergency evacuation manual handling risk assessment.