Screening Strategies Among High-risk Populations for Anal Cancer

Anal cancer, caused by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), is typically preceded by anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (aHSIL). The incidence and mortality of advanced anal cancer has been increasing in the U.S., with the greatest burden of disease and mortality in individuals with chronic impairment of the immune system. The study is important because the incidence of anal cancer is particularly high among certain groups. Findings will provide much-needed evidence for anal cancer screening strategies to reduce incidence of anal cancer and improve health outcomes. The study population includes individuals with chronic impairment of the immune system and females with a known history of high-grade lower genital tract neoplasia.

The study procedures include filling out self-reported questionnaires and collecting biosamples for study-related assays. HRA is part of the standard clinic procedure for this group of participants. Collected biosamples will be banked for future research use. In-person or remote signed consent may occur for the study.