Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting
2-3% of the population aged 65 and over, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic
neurons. The basal ganglia play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PD. The lesions
of the basal ganglia impair the ability of patients to perform complex, goal-oriented,
and skill-requiring movements. Consequently, motor symptoms such as bradykinesia,
rigidity, hypokinesia, and tremor, which are progressively worse, are added to the
clinical picture of the disease.
These symptoms, which cause movement and activity limitations in individuals with PD,
also affect upper extremity functions, balance, and functional mobility. Impairment of
upper extremity functions, commonly seen from the early stages of the disease, can affect
many basic activities of daily living, including buttoning clothes, tying shoelaces,
sewing, writing, eating, and using various modern devices. Balance and mobility disorders
are among the most debilitating features of the disease, as they lead to the
deterioration of physical functions in PD. Balance and mobility issues in PD are
identified as key determinants of the increasing fear of falling and the resulting
decline in quality of life. Various factors such as rigidity, bradykinesia, impaired
postural adjustments, and decreased sensory integration contribute to the negative impact
on balance and mobility in individuals with PD.
Proper balance and mobility performance are achieved through synergistic control during
both dynamic and static postures between proximal body segments such as the trunk, spine,
and pelvis. This contributes to the mobility of distal segments and the functionality of
the upper extremities. Additionally, the contribution of upper extremity functions to
balance and mobility has been demonstrated in healthy populations. Current literature
also reveals that treatment programs targeting the upper extremities can improve mobility
and balance, especially in neurological patient populations.
In conclusion, balance and mobility disorders in Parkinson's disease can reduce proximal
stability and affect hand dexterity. This study aims to examine the relationship between
hand dexterity, balance, and functional mobility in individuals with PD.