Non-communicable diseases represent a significant burden on public health worldwide.
These are the main cause of premature mortality and disability in the Americas and
represent two thirds of all deaths in the region. Comprehensive understanding of the
relationship between frailty, body composition, exercise (aerobic and strength) and
diseases such as COPD and diabetes, is essential to develop effective preventive and
therapeutic strategies. This can not only have an impact on the quality of life of
affected individuals, but also in reducing the global burden of these diseases and their
comorbidities.
In this sense, diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders that is characterized
by chronic hyperglycemia, due to a defect in insulin secretion, a defect in insulin
action, or both. In addition to hyperglycemia, alterations in fat and protein metabolism
coexist. Sustained hyperglycemia over time is associated with damage, dysfunction and
failure of several organs and systems, especially kidneys, eyes, nerves, heart and blood
vessels. On the other hand, physical exercise has proven to be an effective intervention
because it improves insulin sensitivity, facilitates glycemic control and reduces
cardiovascular risk, also because it helps in managing body weight and improves quality
of life in general.
On the other hand, COPD is a chronic respiratory pathological condition characterized by
a persistent limitation of expiratory airflow that is partially reversible; It remains
one of the main public health problems and is the fourth cause of mortality in the United
States. It is known that, within the clinical manifestations or symptoms, there is an
impact on the state of health, quality of life and daily activities, which contribute to
an increase in levels of anxiety, depression, risk of exacerbations and a worse prognosis
of the disease. Performing physical exercise in this population is of vital importance
because it improves lung capacity and the efficiency of the cardiovascular system,
improves exercise tolerance through strength and resistance training, which makes it
easier to perform daily tasks due to to the reduction of symptoms such as dyspnea,
reducing exacerbations and hospitalizations, which translates into a better quality of
life.
Based on the previous problem, since 2017 the Alma Mater Clinic of Antioquia proposed a
comprehensive care program for patients with chronic diseases called "Ser mas"
Pluripathologicos, which includes 5,000 patients from the metropolitan area who live near
the health center. . In 2021, they published their first study with the objective of
evaluating the predictive validity of a classification method based on functional status,
the presence of risk factors and the control of comorbidity, on the use of emergency
services and hospitalization. , mortality and health care costs in older adults with
NCDs. The results describe that functional capacity is an element that could inform and
direct intervention actions in this population. Additionally, it suggests that objective
measurements of functional status and the presence of frailty in patients with NCDs could
be key elements to identify individuals with health needs and guide their interventions
in an effective and individualized manner for their well-being. From the above, the
current research arises, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercise on
the frailty, body composition and functional classification of patients with NCDs.