Phase 1b Trial of RAY121 in Immunological Diseases (RAINBOW Trial)

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Signed informed consent form

2. Age >= 18 and <=75 at the time of signing informed consent form (except for BP; Age >=18 and <= 85 with Karnofsky score >= 60% at screening)

3. Ability to comply with the study protocol

4. For women of childbearing potential: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain fromheterosexual intercourse) or use highly effective contraceptive methods

5. For men: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) oruse contraceptive measures, and agreement to refrain from donating sperm

6. APS cohort: Established primary APS defined by the following criteria (at least oneof the laboratory criteria and one of the clinical criteria must be met):

• Laboratory criteria (aPL profile)

• Persistently positive lupus anticoagulant (LA) test

• Persistently positive anticardiolipin (aCL) immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype

• Persistently positive anti-beta-2 glycoprotein-1 (aβ2GPI) IgG isotype

• Clinical criteria

• Livedoid vasculopathy and presence of skin ulcer

• Acute/chronic aPL nephropathy

7. BP cohort:

1. Age >= 18 and <= 85 with Karnofsky score >= 60 %

2. Predominant cutaneous lesions

3. Diagnosis with BP with following assessments positive:

• a Positive direct immunofluorescence, and either

• b Positive indirect immunofluorescence, or

• c Positive serology on ELISA for BP180 autoantibody

4. Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (BPDAI) score >= 20

5. Weekly average of daily Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Score (PP-NRS) >=4

6. Accept to take photograph of bullous lesions

8. BS cohort:

1. Diagnosed with BS

2. Oral ulcers that occurred at least 3 times in the previous 12 month period

3. Have at least 2 oral ulcers over the 4 weeks prior to screening

4. Have at least 2 oral ulcers at Week 0

5. Have prior treatment with at least 1 non-biologic BS therapy

6. Patients who need systemic therapy as whose oral or mucocutaneous ulcerscannot be adequately controlled by topical therapy

9. DM cohort:

1. Diagnosed with definite or probable inflammatory myopathies andcategorized as DM

2. Patients with inadequate response to corticosteroids and/orimmune-suppressants or intolerance to DM therapies

3. Manual Muscle Test-8 (MMT-8) score < 142, with at least one abnormality inthe following Core Set Measures:

• Patient Global Activity Visual Analogue Scale (PtGA-VAS) >= 2 cm

• Physician Global Activity Visual Analogue Scale (PhGA-VAS) >= 2 cm

• Global extra-muscular activity >= 2 cm

• At least one muscle enzyme > 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)

• Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) >= 0.25

4. Moderate to severe DM defined as CDASI activity score > 14

10. IMNM cohort:

1. Clinically Diagnosed with IMNM as anti-HMGCR myopathy or anti-SRP myopathy

2. Creatine kinase (CK) > 1,000 U/L

3. Patients who have an inadequate response to corticosteroids and/orimmunosuppressants or intolerance to IMNM therapies

4. MMT-8 score < 142

11. ITP cohort:

1. Confirmed diagnosis of persistent/chronic ITP based on the followingcriteria:

• ITP defined per the current guidelines

• Platelet count <= 30 × 10^9/L on 2 consecutive occasions

2. Lack of an sustained adequate platelet count response to a thrombopoietinreceptor agonist and at least one other ITP treatment or a secondthrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA)

3. A history of response with an platelet counts increase more than 20 × 10^9/L from baseline by at least one prior line of therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity to a biologic agent

2. Active infection requiring systemic antiviral, antibiotics or antifungal

3. Planned surgery during the study

4. Pregnant or breastfeeding, or intending to become pregnant

5. Any serious medical condition or abnormality in clinical laboratory tests thatprecludes the patient's safe participation in and completion of the study

6. Clinically significant ECG abnormalities

7. Illicit drug or alcohol abuse

8. Clinical diagnosis of autoimmune diseases other than the target disease (except forSjögren's syndrome in DM and IMNM)

9. Positive for hepatitis B surface antigen

10. Positive for hepatitis C virus antibody

11. Positive for human immunodeficiency virus antibody

12. Evidence of current infection with tuberculosis

13. History of cancer within 5 years

14. Treatment with investigational therapy within 28 days or 5 half-lives

15. Previous and current treatment with anti-C1s antibody at any time

16. Other complement inhibitors within 3 months

17. Patients who receive any treatments which fall into the Prohibited Therapy Criteria

18. Patients with an elevated alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase > 1.5 × ULN in combination with an elevated total bilirubin > 1.5 × ULN

19. APS cohort:

1. APS associated with other systemic autoimmune disease

2. Acute thrombosis (arterial or venous acute thrombosis diagnosis) within 30days before screening

3. Patients with thrombotic APS without any anticoagulation treatment

4. Treatment with prohibited medications

20. BP cohort:

1. Initiation of treatment with or increase in the dose of systemic ortopical corticosteroid within 2 weeks

2. Current treatment with a drug that may cause or exacerbate BP unless thedose has been stable

3. Initiation of treatment with topical calcineurin inhibitor, or topicalphosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitor within 7 days

4. Treatment with prohibited medications

21. BS cohort:

1. BS-related active major organ involvement-ocular lesions requiringimmunosuppressive therapy, pulmonary (e.g., pulmonary artery aneurysm),vascular (e.g., thrombophlebitis), gastrointestinal (e.g., ulcers alongthe gastrointestinal tract), and central nervous systems (e.g.,meningoencephalitis) manifestations

2. History of venous or arterial thrombosis within 1 year

3. Treatment with prohibited medications

22. DM cohort:

1. PhGA-VAS improvement >= 3, or clinically relevant improvement betweenscreening and baseline

2. Overlap myositis (except for overlap with Sjögren's syndrome), connectivetissue disease associated DM, inclusion body myositis, polymyositis, IMNM,juvenile DM or drug-induced myopathy

3. Cancer-associated myositis

4. Significant muscle damage

5. Past history of severe Interstitial lung disease flare, severenon-infectious lung inflammation which required active intervention, ormultiple episodes of lung disease

6. Severe respiratory muscle weakness

7. Severe bulbar palsy

8. Treatment with prohibited medications

23. IMNM cohort:

1. PhGA-VAS improvement >= 3, or clinically relevant improvement betweenscreening and baseline

2. Overlap myositis (except for overlap with Sjögren's syndrome), connectivetissue disease associated DM, inclusion body myositis, polymyositis,juvenile DM or druginduced myopathy

3. Cancer-associated myositis

4. Significant muscle damage

5. Past history of severe Interstitial lung disease (ILD) flare, severenon-infectious lung inflammation which required active intervention, ormultiple episodes of lung disease

6. Severe respiratory muscle weakness

7. Severe bulbar palsy

8. Treatment with prohibited medications

24. ITP cohort:

1. Secondary ITP

2. Clinical diagnosis or history of Myelodysplastic Syndrome or autoimmunehemolytic anemia

3. History of venous or arterial thrombosis within 12 months

4. Patients who experienced major bleeding within 4 weeks

5. Treatment with prohibited medications

6. Any laboratory test results meet either of the following criteria atscreening:

• Hemoglobin <10 g/dL
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone >= 10 μIU/mL