Virtual Peer Coaching in Manual Wheelchair Skills

For peer coaches:

Coaches will complete the following measures pre and post training:

• Demographic questionnaire

• Self-Efficacy on Assessing, Training, and Spotting (SEATS)

• Feedback survey

Prior to coaching trainees, coaches will undergo three training programs as follows:

• Virtual training through zoom on peer mentoring

• Research ethics training

• Wheelchair skills training

It will be verified that peer coaches possess the needed skills by administering the SEATS following training. A score of 5 (completely confident) for each training item will be required to advance to the peer coaching sessions.

For peer coaching, coaches will lead six 1:1 virtual zoom meetings with each trainee they are matched with. Sessions may include goal setting, review of progress, instruction, and "homework" of prescribed content for trainees to review. For each training session coaches will complete a session log.

For trainees:

Baseline questionnaires will include:

• Demographic questionnaire

• Wheelchair setup questionnaire

• Wheelchair Skills Test Questionnaire (WST-Q)

• Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) (Group 1,3 only)

• Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique Short Form (CHART-SF) Mobility

• Wheelchair Outcome Measure (WhOM) Satisfaction with Participation in Meaningful Activities

• Life Space Assessment (LSA)

• Online Learning Readiness Scale (OLRS)

• Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES)

• Referral Source

• Wheelchair Skills Training Questionnaire

• Wheelchair skills training outside of study

Group Specific Activities

Groups 1 and 2 will complete intervention A following baseline and 6-month assessments, respectively. Group 3 will complete intervention B. Participants in all groups will select what goals are important to them. They are not required to complete training in all skills, only to have at least 5 skills with relevant training goals.

Intervention A Trainees will engage in 1:1 virtual zoom meetings facilitated by the study team scheduled weekly for 6 sessions with the opportunity for 2 makeup sessions. Sessions may include goal setting, review of progress, instruction, and "homework" of prescribed content for trainees to review. Participants may upload videos of themselves completing skills through Qualtrics to get feedback.

Skills targeted by the intervention -

1. opening/closing doors

2. picking up an object from the ground

3. getting over a gap

4. getting over a threshold

5. up a low curb

6. down a low curb

7. up a high curb

8. down a high curb

9. performing a stationary wheelie

10. up a steep incline

11. down a steep incline

12. getting up stairs

13. getting down stairs

14. uneven transfers

15. floor-to-chair transfer

16. folding and unfolding wheelchair

Intervention B Intervention B will be a series of educational videos that participants review and then are encouraged to practice the skills. Participants will have access to the materials for 8 weeks. Group 3 will have access to approximately 3 hours of wheelchair skills video training content. Actual viewing time will depend upon the individual's training goal. While they will receive a weekly reminder about practicing, there is no prescribed frequency for how often they should be practicing the skills in the videos.

All participants will complete 2-month follow-up. This will include the following questionnaires:

Baseline questionnaires will include:

• Wheelchair setup questionnaire

• Wheelchair skills training outside of study survey

• Wheelchair Skills Test Questionnaire (WST-Q)

• Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) - groups 1 and 3 only

• Feedback Survey - groups 1 and 3 only

• Wheelchair skills training outside of study

All participants will complete 6-month follow-up. This will include the following questionnaires:

• Wheelchair setup questionnaire

• Wheelchair skills training outside of study survey

• Wheelchair Skills Test Questionnaire (WST-Q)

• Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique Short Form (CHART-SF) Mobility

• Wheelchair Outcome Measure (WhOM) Satisfaction with Participation in Meaningful Activities

• Life Space Assessment (LSA)

• Wheelchair skills training outside of study

Groups 2 will then cross-over to complete intervention A.

All participants will complete 8-month follow-up. This will include the following questionnaires:

• Wheelchair setup questionnaire

• Wheelchair skills training outside of study survey

• Wheelchair Skills Test Questionnaire (WST-Q)

• Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) - group 2 only

• Feedback Survey - group 2 only

• Wheelchair skills training outside of study

All participants will complete 12-month follow-up. This will include the following questionnaires:

• Wheelchair setup questionnaire

• Wheelchair Skills Test Questionnaire (WST-Q)

• Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique Short Form (CHART-SF) Mobility

• Wheelchair Outcome Measure (WhOM) Satisfaction with Participation in Meaningful Activities

• Life Space Assessment (LSA)

• Wheelchair skills training outside of study

Follow-up windows will be within approximately 2 weeks before/after the follow-up date. Participants will be asked to select two preferred methods of contact for follow-up reminders that will be sent between timepoints.

Spotters are required for trainee participation in the study. Prior to the start of the study, spotters will be required to watch a series of training videos about safe spotting.