AssesSment of Early deteCtion basEd oN liquiD Biopsy in Intracranial Tumors

Inclusion Criteria for Cancer Participants:

• Age 40-75 years

• Ability to provide a written informed consent

• Pathologically confirmed diagnosis or highly suspicious cases of intracranial malignant tumors

• No prior or ongoing anti-cancer treatment (local or systematic) prior to study blood draw

Inclusion Criteria for Benign Disease Participants:

• Age 40-75 years

• Ability to provide a written informed consent

• Pathologically confirmed diagnosis or highly suspicious cases with benign disorders of central nervous system

• No prior or ongoing radical treatment of the benign disorders of central nervous system prior to study blood draw

Inclusion Criteria for Healthy Participants

• Age 40-75 years

• Ability to provide a written informed consent

• No cancer-related symptoms or other uncomfortable symptoms prior to study blood draw

Exclusion Criteria for All Participants:

• Insufficient qualified blood samples

• Recipient of organ transplant or prior non-autologous (allogeneic) bone marrow or stem cell transplant

• Recipient of blood transfusion within 7 days prior to blood draw

• Recipient of anti-tumor drugs to treat non-cancer diseases within 30 days prior to blood draw, such as rheumatic drugs (methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, or azathioprine), or endocrine drugs (tamoxifen)

Additional Exclusion Criteria for Cancer Participants:

-Other current malignant diseases or multiple primary tumors

Additional Exclusion Criteria for Benign Disease Participants:

-Current or history of malignancies

Additional Exclusion Criteria for Healthy Participants:

• Recipient of anti-infectious therapy within 14 days prior to study blood draw

• Prior or ongoing treatment of cancer within 3 years prior to study blood draw

• Current autoimmune disease or clinically significant or uncontrolled comorbidities