Infection Prevention and Control Intervention to Reduce Hospital-acquired Infections

This study consists of four phases guided by the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework. Three hospitals from each country will be selected. In Phase 1, the investigators will conduct a gap analysis of IPC implementation and practices among HCWs at each hospital through desk review, direct observation of hand hygiene and LLDE practices, in-depth interviews with HCWs, and key informant interviews with stakeholders. In Phase 2, the investigators will develop an IPC intervention based on results from Phase 1 and interventions selected from the literature review of IPC interventions in LMICs. In Phase 3, the investigators will pilot the developed intervention in the same hospitals selected in Phase 1. Finally, in Phase 4, the investigators will assess the feasibility and acceptability of the developed intervention among HCWs and stakeholders at the selected hospitals. The investigators will employ the MRC framework to develop and evaluate an intervention to reduce HAIs in both countries. The investigators will also use a theoretical framework to explore factors that are barriers and enablers for HCWs to improve hand hygiene compliance. With these approaches, the investigators will be able to develop a comprehensive intervention. Findings from this study would shed light on promising IPC interventions to reduce HAI incidence in Cambodia and Lao PDR. More importantly, the findings may be applied to other LMIC settings.