Causal Role of Brain Networks in Episodic Memory

Inclusion Criteria:

• Ages 18 to 35 years old

• Fluent in English

• Free of major neurological or psychiatric illness

• Right-handed

• Normal or corrected to normal vision

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of a psychiatric illness within the past two years

• History of a learning disorder (e.g., attention deficit disorder, dyslexia)

• History of neurological disorder or brain injury, including family history ofepilepsy, convulsions or seizures, stroke; vascular, traumatic, tumoral, infectious,or metabolic lesion of the brain, even without a history of seizure, and withoutanticonvulsant medication, and any unexplained lifetime loss ofconsciousness/syncope

• Use of medications that reduce seizure threshold (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants,neuroleptic agents)

• History of neurosurgery

• History of heart disease

• Recreational drug use in the past two months

• Uncontrollable shaking, or inability to sit/lie still for one hour

• Evidence of neurological disorders or structural abnormalities, based on MRI

• Pregnancy

• Prior surgeries, conditions, and/or implants that are not MRI-safe, including:pacemaker, pacemaker wires, artificial heart valve, brain aneurysm surgery, middleear implant, non-removable hearing aids, braces, or extensive dental work, implantedmechanical or electrical device, artificial limb or joint

• Foreign metallic objects in the body, such as bullets, BBs, shrapnel, or metalworkfragments

• History of metal work or ocular metallic foreign bodies

• History of uncontrolled migraines or susceptibility to headaches

• Use of centrally-acting medications and drugs, with the exception of caffeine,within the last 12 hours

• Concurrent treatment with ototoxic medications

• Current sleep deprivation, extreme fatigue, or recent jet lag

• Claustrophobia

• Pre-existing noise induced hearing loss

• Any prior adverse experience (e.g. physical or psychological discomfort) withrepetitive TMS or MRI scanning