Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Cognitive Impairment

Inclusion Criteria:

• History of COVID-19 vaccination

• Weigh at least 110 pounds

Exclusion Criteria:

• Colorblindness

• Inability to hear verbal instructions

• Cardiovascular disease, including a history of stroke

• Diabetes requiring the use of insulin

• Pregnancy

• Current asthma (an asthma attack within the past five years)

• Medications for or history of anxiety disorder diagnosis or panic attacks

• Medications which may affect cognition such as beta-blockers and CNS depressants

Temporary Exclusion Criteria

• Respiratory symptoms in the previous four weeks

• Use of sedating cold/allergy medications in the previous week

• Use of marijuana in the previous week

• Consumption of alcohol in the previous 24 hours

Additional Exclusion Criteria for Subjects undergoing the fMRI scan:

• History of head trauma or neurosurgery or neurological disorder

• Ferrous metal implanted in or on the body, electrical devices such as a pacemaker,nonremovable ferrous jewelry

• Surgical pins or plates above the neck

• History of eye injury involving metallic materials, shavings in eyes, or weldingwithout a face mask

• Lead or iron tatoos

• Claustrophobia

• Back problems that would prevent the subject from laying still comfortably for up to 90 minutes

Additional Exclusion Criteria for Subjects undergoing CAIM

• Current or recent contact lens use