Assessing Durable Antibody Response to HPV Vaccination

Last updated: October 9, 2025
Sponsor: Emory University
Overall Status: Active - Not Recruiting

Phase

4

Condition

N/A

Treatment

Lidocaine injections

Gardasil

Gardasil-9

Clinical Study ID

NCT05031078
STUDY00002830
  • Ages 18-45
  • All Genders
  • Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Summary

This is a single center, longitudinal cohort study in which subjects will receive 9-valent HPV vaccine according to package insert (i.e., one dose of 9-valent HPV vaccine on day (D) 0 followed by a second dose 2 months later and a third dose 6 months later).

Immune responses in the blood, saliva, bone marrow, and lymph nodes will be assessed in subjects receiving the HPV vaccine.

Blood samples for immunologic testing will be collected at screening (from D-60 to D-45), on D0 (before vaccination), D1 (optional visit), D7±1, D14±5, D30±5, D60±5 (Visit 8, before vaccination), Visit 8 +1 day (optional visit), Visit 8 + 7±1 days, Visit 8 + 14±5 days, Visit 8 + 30±5 days, D180±5 (Visit 13, before vaccination), Visit 13 + 7±1 days, Visit 13 + 14±5 days, Visit 13 + 30±5 days, D365±14, D730±14, D1095±14, D1460±14, D1825±30. Saliva samples for antibody testing will be collected on D0 (before vaccination), D30, D60 (before vaccination), Visit 8 + 30±5 days, D180 (before vaccination), Visit 13 + 30±5 days, D365, and D730.

Axillary lymph node sampling by fine needle aspiration will be done 3 times per group. Group 1 will have lymph node sampling done D-30 to D0, D14, and D30. Group 2 will have lymph node sampling done D60, Visit 8 + 14±5 days, and Visit 8 + 30±5 days. Group 3 will have lymph node sampling D180, Visit 13 + 14±5 days, and Visit 13 + 30±5 days. Bone marrow sampling will be done for all groups at D730±14 and D1825±30.

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals aged 18-45 years old (inclusive), as the HPV vaccine is approved forthis age range in adults

  • BMI ≤ 32.

  • Able to understand and give informed consent (provided in American English).

  • Must be in good health based on physical examination, vital signs, medical history,and the investigator's clinical judgment.

  • Must be available and willing to participate for the duration of this study

  • Must be willing to undergo lymph node fine needle aspiration and bone marrowaspiration

  • Must be willing to consent to the future use of remaining (residual)samples/specimens.

Exclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Ever received a dose of an HPV vaccine

  • HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 or 58 seropositivity

  • Any history of genital warts, an abnormal pap smear, or positive HPV DNA test

  • Has known allergy or history of anaphylaxis or other serious adverse reaction to avaccine or vaccine products

  • Has known allergy or history of anaphylaxis to yeast or products containing yeast

  • Any allergy to lidocaine.

  • Pregnancy or breast feeding.

  • Subjects who believe they cannot tolerate the lymph node fine needle aspirate orbone marrow aspirate procedures without sedation

  • Any history of lymphoma involving axillary nodes, any history of breast cancer,bilateral inflammatory process of upper arms in the past 2 weeks, prior breast oraxillary biopsy and/or surgery that in the opinion of the investigator would affectthe immune response results.

  • Local infection, lymphadenitis, or rash in targeted area.

  • Received any vaccine from 14 days before vaccine dose until 30 days after eachvaccine dose.*

*An individual who is initially excluded from study participation based on one ormore of the time-limited exclusion criteria (fever, receipt of other vaccines) maybe reconsidered for enrollment once the condition has resolved as long as thesubject continues to meet all other entry criteria.

  • Volunteers with fever (≥100.4 F or 38°C regardless of the route) within 3 days priorto vaccination.*

*An individual who is initially excluded from study participation based on one ormore of the time-limited exclusion criteria (fever, receipt of other vaccines) maybe reconsidered for enrollment once the condition has resolved as long as thesubject continues to meet all other entry criteria.

  • History of or presence of severe co-morbidities as determined by the investigator,including autoimmune disease, or clinically significant cardiac, pulmonary,gastrointestinal, hepatic, rheumatologic, renal disease, thrombocytopenia, and grade 4 hypertension*.

*Grade 4 hypertension per CTCAE criteria is defined as Life-threatening consequences (e.g., malignant hypertension, transient or permanent neurologic deficit,hypertensive)

  • History of a bleeding disorder or currently taking anti-coagulant products* (e.g.warfarin, direct thrombin inhibitors, heparin products, etc.), anti-plateletproducts, and/or NSAIDs including aspirin.

*including in the past week; however, an individual who is initially excluded fromstudy participation based on one or more of the time-limited exclusion criteria maybe reconsidered for enrollment once the condition has resolved as long as thesubject continues to meet all other entry criteria

  • Has history of active malignancy other than squamous cell or basal cell skin cancer,unless there has been surgical excision that is considered to have achieved cure.

  • Current and/or expected immunosuppression due to cancer, receipt of chemotherapy,radiation therapy, and any other immunosuppressive therapies (including anti-TNFtherapy).

  • Has known or suspected congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, including functionalor anatomic asplenia, or recent history or current use of immunosuppressivetherapy*.

*Anti-cancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy within the preceding 3 years, orlong-term (≥2 weeks within the previous 3 months) systemic corticosteroid therapy (e.g., prednisone at a dosage of ≥20 mg per day or on alternative days). Intranasalor topical prednisone (or equivalent) are allowed.

  • Known chronic infections including, but not limited to, known HIV, tuberculosis,hepatitis B or C.

  • Is post-organ, bone marrow, and/or stem cell transplant, whether or not on chronicimmunosuppressive therapy.

  • Received blood products or immunoglobulin in the 3 months before study entry orplanned use during this study.

  • Had major surgery (per the investigator's judgment) within 4 weeks before studyentry or planned major surgery during this study.

  • Insulin-dependent diabetes* mellitus type 1 or type 2 requiring therapy

*History of isolated gestational diabetes is not an exclusion criterion.

  • Received experimental therapeutic agents within 12 months before first vaccine doseor plans to receive any experimental therapeutic agents 12 months after firstvaccine dose that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with thesafety or objectives of the study. COVID-19 vaccines that fall under FDA EUA will betreated as approved vaccines for the purposes of this study.

  • Is currently participating or plans to participate in another clinical study whichwould involve receipt of an investigational product or undergo a procedure that, inthe opinion of the investigator, would interfere with safety or objectives of thestudy.

  • Current diagnosed or self-reported alcohol abuse, drug abuse, or psychiatricconditions that in the opinion of the investigator would preclude compliance withthe study.

  • Social, occupational, or any other condition that in the opinion of the investigatormight interfere with compliance with the study.

Study Design

Total Participants: 17
Treatment Group(s): 3
Primary Treatment: Lidocaine injections
Phase: 4
Study Start date:
December 21, 2021
Estimated Completion Date:
May 31, 2026

Study Description

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause cervical, anal, oropharyngeal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancers. There are over 200 types of HPV; 12 are known to cause cancer. The current HPV vaccine is a subunit vaccine, meaning it is made of only part of the virus (a protein) and cannot infect humans. The HPV vaccine is highly effective at preventing disease by HPV types that cause 90% of cancer cases and 90% of genital warts cases in women and men who do not have ongoing or prior HPV infection.

Most vaccines protect by generating antibodies. Importantly, the HPV vaccine, first approved in 2006, has been shown to make high levels of antibodies against HPV that last for >10 years. The durability of HPV vaccine antibody levels is exceptional compared to other approved and experimental subunit vaccines whose antibody levels drop more rapidly. However, how the HPV vaccine - let alone any vaccine - generates long-lasting antibodies is not understood. Understanding how vaccines make high levels of long-lasting antibodies will help the efforts to successfully and reliably design new vaccines that make these highly desired responses (like vaccines against new pandemics).

The investigators designed this study to better understand how the HPV vaccine generates such high levels of long-lasting antibodies in humans. To do this, the investigators need to study early immune responses in lymph nodes, which is where cells that make antibodies (B cells) are activated by the vaccine. The investigators will also need to study immune responses in blood. For example, to measure the levels of antibodies in blood and also the levels of cells that help B cells (helper T cells). As the HPV vaccine can protect against oropharyngeal cancer, the study team aim to understand the level of antibodies in the saliva and how the antibodies compare to blood. Finally, antibodies themselves are not long-lived as proteins, but the cells that make these antibodies are (specialized B cells called plasma cells). Plasma cells are found in the bone marrow. It is important that the research team finds and study these cells making antibodies against HPV, so the investigators can better understand how they contribute to long-lasting antibody levels.

Connect with a study center

  • The Hope Clinic of Emory University

    Atlanta, Georgia 30030
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • Winship Cancer Institute

    Atlanta, Georgia 30322
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • The Hope Clinic of Emory University

    Atlanta 4180439, Georgia 4197000 30030
    United States

    Site Not Available

  • Winship Cancer Institute

    Atlanta 4180439, Georgia 4197000 30322
    United States

    Site Not Available

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