The SEACTN (South and Southeast Asian Community-based Trials Network) is a part of a
portfolio of programmes under the Wellcome Innovations Flagship 'Innovations for Impact
in Resource-limited Settings'. The flagship plan is to build the SEACTN infrastructure in
approximately 520 villages across three South and Southeast Asian countries (Bangladesh,
Lao PDR and Myanmar) to capture over 100,000 episodes and outcomes of rural febrile
illness in these remote and underserved communities. Mortality statistics in the
populations covered by SEACTN are considered as generally limited and unreliable and a
recent assessment of vital registration systems of these 3 countries showed a poor
performance of the death registration system. To support the goal of the flagship SEACTN
program in defining the morbidity and mortality burden of febrile illness and to
strengthen the mortality data (causes of deaths information) in study areas, the VA
component is integrated as a part of project activities. It will identify not only
potential causes of deaths with a history of febrile illnesses, but also all other CODs
which occur in SEACTN network communities. The findings will also uncover large gaps and
challenges that impede delivery of primary health services in rural area of the
countries.
This observational multicountry study aims to conduct verbal autopsies in approximately
390 rural village communities in the SEACTN network in 5 countries; Bangladesh (in Cox's
Bazar and Bandarban districts), Lao PDR (in Phalanxay, Phin and Atsaphanthong districts
in the Province of Savannakhet), Thailand (Muang district of Chiang Rai province),
Cambodia (Battambang and Pailin provinces)and Thai-Myanmar border area (Kayin state,
Myanmar). The study populations are restricted to varying degrees from accessing adequate
health services due to geographical and financial factors. Since VA interviews will be
carried out for all deaths, the study will be able to point out capacity gaps in
providing essential health services at different levels of the health system as well as
barriers in receiving healthcare services. About 2,000 deaths or VA interviews are
expected to be carried out over a 2-year study period.
Study procedure: The death cases in villages will be notified by village health workers
(VHWs) or community health workers (CHWs) and also be checked through health facilities
records. The study respondent should be a close family member or a caregiver or a person
who closely attended to the deceased during the illness. VA instrument Questionnaires WHO
2016 version of validated electronic VA questionnaires will be used and there are three
separate VA forms for specific age groups: perinatal and neonatal mortality (death of a
child under 4 weeks), child mortality (aged 4 weeks to 11 years), adult mortality (aged
12 years and over) including maternal mortality. VA cause of death list The WHO VA cause
of death list is used to classify disease. The COD list is based on the international
classification of diseases (ICD-10) coding system.
The training of interviewers will be via online and face to face training sessions. The
training materials from research collaborators (University of Toronto, Canada) will be
used and adapted in local context. There will also be web based intensive courses for
physicians for coding and CoD certification. A VA needs an optimum recall period for high
quality of information. To keep the recall period as short as possible and to get
reliable information, field team will aim to visit the villages at 3-6 months intervals
and conduct interviews with the respondents of deceased persons to collect the
information. The interview will take approximately 30 to 45 minutes to complete using
electronic format of questionnaires installed in CommCare apps of SEACTN tablets after
getting informed consent. Audio recordings will be done to make sure for accurate records
of the interviews and to complete the narrative text section of the form. The
investigators will also record the location of the villages by GPS in order to define
causes of deaths with a map.
For quality control of the interview process, 10 percent of interviews will be observed
and checked by field supervisors while conducting interviews. For quality control of
coding and, assessing the COD, two physicians will independently review the outcome of an
interview, will provide coding and formulate a COD. The COD identified by each physician
will be recorded in the database and if there is any disagreement, a third senior
physician would be brought in to adjudicate the result and sought for a solution.