Testing the Timing of Pembrolizumab Alone or With Chemotherapy as First Line Treatment and Maintenance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

STATUS

Recruiting
End date

Sep 30, 2022
participants needed

846
sponsor

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

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Updated on 13 June 2022

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insulin

corticosteroids

tubal ligation

hysterectomy

immunodeficiency

tyrosine

immunosuppressive

monoclonal antibodies

measurable disease

anticonvulsants

HIV Infection

thyroxine

hepatitis b

lung cancer

oophorectomy

cardiac disease

international normalized ratio

replacement therapy

brain imaging

metastasis

pemetrexed

neutrophil count

carboplatin

tumor cells

pembrolizumab

ROS1

brain metastases

pd-l1

adjuvant therapy

aptt

cancer treatment

systemic chemotherapy

leptomeningeal disease

hepatitis c virus

chronic hepatitis b

cardiotoxic agents

hcv viral load

corticosteroid replacement therapy

live vaccine

stage iv non-small cell lung cancer

squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma

Summary

This phase III trial studies whether pembrolizumab alone as a first-line treatment, followed by pemetrexed and carboplatin with or without pembrolizumab after disease progression is superior to induction with pembrolizumab, pemetrexed and carboplatin followed by pembrolizumab and pemetrexed maintenance in treating patients with stage IV non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as pembrolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as pemetrexed and carboplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. It is not yet known whether giving first-line pembrolizumab followed by pemetrexed and carboplatin with or without pembrolizumab works better in treating patients with non-squamous non-small cell cancer.

Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To evaluate overall survival (OS) in each of the 2 experimental arms (Arms A and B) to control (Arm C).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 for Arm C versus each of Arms A and B.

II. To evaluate best objective response rates per RECIST 1.1 for Arm C versus each of Arms A and B.

III. To estimate toxicity within each of the treatment arms via the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) criteria.

IV. To compare outcomes between Arms A and B. V. To compare outcomes by treatment arm within subgroups defined by a cutpoint of PD-L1 expression at >= 50%.

BIOMARKER OBJECTIVE:

I. To collect and bank tissue and blood for future research studies, including potential development of a prognostic and predictive signature for MK-3475 (pembrolizumab) in combination with chemotherapy versus MK-3475 (pembrolizumab) alone.

EXPLORATORY IMAGING OBJECTIVES:

I. To collect and bank standard of care computed tomography (CT) imaging at baseline and first three follow-up post-treatment scans for developing the radiomic risk score with the following exploratory objectives:

Ia. Validate the Radiomic Risk score on pre-treatment scans as well as compute differences between pre- and post- treatment scans (delta features) in determining which patients will benefit from first line pembrolizumab in the metastatic setting in both low (< 50%) and high (> 50%) PD-L1 cohorts using patients in Arm 1 and Arm 2 of the trial where pembrolizumab is used as first line treatment.

Ib. To use the Radiomic Risk score in order to predict which patients would benefit from combination pembrolizumab and subsequent chemotherapy vs. immunotherapy alone in both low (< 50%) and high (> 50%) PD-L1 cohorts using patients who went on to receive chemotherapy as second line and stratifying the patients based on those who received benefit from pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus (vs.) pembrolizumab alone.

Ic. Exploratory analysis for other radiomic profiles in predicting response.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 arms.

ARM A: Patients receive pembrolizumab intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on day 1. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Within 6 weeks of disease progression, patients receive pemetrexed IV over 10 minutes and carboplatin IV over 30 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then may receive pemetrexed IV over 10 minutes on day 1. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

ARM B: Patients receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Within 6 weeks of disease progression, patients receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes, pemetrexed IV over 10 minutes, and carboplatin IV over 30 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes and pemetrexed IV over 10 minutes on day 1. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 2 years for pembrolizumab in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity and until to disease progression for pemetrexed.

ARM C: Patients receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes, pemetrexed IV over 10 minutes, and carboplatin IV over 30 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes and pemetrexed IV over 10 minutes on day 1. Cycles repeat every 21 days for up to 2 years for pembrolizumab in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity and until to disease progression for pemetrexed.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 5 years.

Details

Condition	Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma, Stage IIIB Lung Cancer AJCC v8, Stage IIIC Lung Cancer AJCC v8, Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v8, Stage IVA Lung Cancer AJCC v8, Stage IVB Lung Cancer AJCC v8
Treatment	carboplatin, Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed
Clinical Study Identifier	NCT03793179
Sponsor	National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Last Modified on	13 June 2022

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Eligibility		Yes	No	Not Sure
Inclusion Criteria
	Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IV non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (includes M1a, M1b, and M1c stage disease, American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] 8th edition). Patients with stage IIIB and IIIC disease are eligible if they are not candidates for combined chemotherapy and radiation
	Patients must have PD-L1 expression Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) >= 1% in tumor cells. If PD-L1 expression TPS is unevaluable or the testing could not be completed, the patients are not eligible. The assay must have been performed by a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) (or equivalent) certified laboratory
	Patients must have measurable or non-measurable disease. The presence of malignant pleural fluid alone is sufficient to satisfy this eligibility criterion. Baseline imaging assessments and measurements used to evaluate all measurable or non-measurable sites of disease must be done within 4 weeks prior to study registration
	NOTE: If patient receives pemetrexed, follow institutional guidelines to drain fluids
	Patients must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 1
	Patients must be >= 18 years of age
	Patients with treated brain metastases are eligible if follow-up brain imaging after central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy shows no evidence of progression. CNS progression counts as progression and patients must move on to the next phase after CNS treatment. Patients with asymptomatic new (at screening) or progressive brain metastases (active brain metastases at screening) or leptomeningeal disease are eligible if the treating physician determines that immediate CNS specific treatment is not required and is unlikely to be required during the first cycle of therapy
	Patients are eligible if off steroids for at least 14 days prior to protocol treatment
	Palliative radiation to non-target lesions (bone metastasis) is allowed if patient develops symptoms
	Patients with prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does
	Anticonvulsants are allowed
	not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of
	Patients with asymptomatic, sub-centimeter brain metastasis who at the discretion of investigators do not need immediate CNS directed therapies are eligible
	the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial
	Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be eligible for this trial, patients should be class 2B or better
	Women of childbearing potential and sexually active males must use an accepted and effective method of contraception or abstain from sexual intercourse from time of registration, while on study treatment, and continue for 120 days after the last dose of study treatment
	Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1500/mm^3 (within 14 days of randomization)
	Platelets >= 100,000/mm^3 (within 14 days of randomization)
	Prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.5 Or if patient on therapeutic anticoagulation, PT/INR =< 3.0 (within 14 days of randomization)
	Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) =< institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) OR, if patient is on therapeutic anticoagulation, PTT must be =< 1.5 x ULN (within 14 days of randomization)
	Total bilirubin =< 1.5 mg/dL (obtained within 14 days of randomization)
	Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) < 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained within 14 days of randomization)
	Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) < 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained within 14 days of randomization)
	Calculated creatinine clearance >= 45 ml/min to be eligible to receive pemetrexed (obtained within 14 days prior to randomization)
	Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained within 14 days prior to randomization)
	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
	For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable or on suppressive therapy, if indicated. Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For patients with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load
Exclusion Criteria
	Patients must NOT have received the following
	Prior systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy for advanced metastatic NSCLC. Patients treated with any prior checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic lung cancer are ineligible. Chemotherapy for non-metastatic disease (e.g. adjuvant therapy) or immunotherapy for locally advanced Stage III disease is allowed if at least 6 months have elapsed between the last dose of the prior therapy and study registration. Local therapy, e.g. palliative radiation, is allowed as long as a period of 14 days has passed between completion of local therapy and study registration. Registration prior to treatment during the 14 days is allowed. Palliative radiation must be to non-target lesions
	Methotrexate (MTX) given in low doses for non-malignant conditions with last dose at least 14 days prior to date of registration will be allowed. Other low dose chemotherapeutics for non-malignant conditions will be considered, but review by the study chair is required
	Patients must not have known pre-existing and clinically active interstitial lung disease, or a known history of (non infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids, or current pneumonitis
	Patients must not have significant gastrointestinal disorders with diarrhea as a major symptom (e.g. Crohn's disease, malabsorption, etc.)
	Patients with known EGFR mutations (except exon 20 insertion), BRAF mutations (V600)
	Patients must not have history of auto-immune condition requiring ongoing or intermittent systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment
	or ALK or ROS1 translocations that can be treated with oral tyrosine kinase
	Patients must not have any other concomitant serious illness or organ system dysfunction that in the opinion of the investigator would either compromise patient safety or interfere with the evaluation of the safety of the study drug
	inhibitors are excluded
	Patients must not receive any other investigational agents during the course of therapy
	Women must not be pregnant or breast-feeding due to potential harm to the fetus or infant from cytotoxic chemotherapy and the unknown risk of MK-3475 (pembrolizumab). Patients must also not expect to conceive or father children from the time of registration, while on study treatment, and until at least 120 days after the last dose of study treatment
	All females of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 72 hours prior to registration to rule out pregnancy
	A female of childbearing potential is any woman, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: has achieved menarche at some point; has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or has not been naturally postmenopausal (amenorrhea following cancer therapy does not rule out childbearing potential) for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
	Patients must not have a known history of active tuberculosis (TB)
	Patients must not have a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or receive systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of protocol treatment
	Patients must not have received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to randomization. Seasonal flu vaccines that do not contain live virus are permitted

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Testing the Timing of Pembrolizumab Alone or With Chemotherapy as First Line Treatment and Maintenance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer